Author Archives: Indian Legal Program

Can International Law Support Changes to Federal Indian Policy? Implementing the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Conference

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April 19, 2013 – 8:30 a.m. – 5:30 p.m.
Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law at Arizona State University
Great Hall, Armstrong Hall, 1100 S. McAllister Avenue, Tempe, AZ  85287
Free and Open to the Public – Registration requested.

Keynote Speaker:  S. James Anaya, U.N. Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Agenda and registration online at:  http://conferences.asucollegeoflaw.com/drip/
Contact:  Darlene Lester / darlene.lester@asu.edu / 480-965-7715
Sponsored by the Indian Legal Program & the Center for Law and Global Affairs at ASU
CLE Registration $150.00 is available for Attorneys seeking  CLE credits.
CLE Credits: 5 CLE Credits for AZ & CA, 5.5  MCLE credits for NM
Live Web-streaming at:  http://law.asu.edu/undrip2013

Please Join Us!  Please help us spread the word about this important conference . 

 

 

Alumni Updates

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Congrats to these ILP Alums on their new jobs and appointments!

  • Matt Campbell, (2008) who just accepted a new job at (NARF) Native American Rights Fund in Denver.
  • Maia D. Bellon, (1994) who was recently named as Director, Department of Ecology, State of Washington.
  • Joe Sarcinella, (2009) is now Senior Advisor and Liaison, Native American Affairs, Office of the Secretary of Defense at the Pentagon.
  • Mary Modrich-Alvarado, (2008) Attorney, Tax & Finance Unit, Navajo Nation Department of Justice has just been appointed Board member, State Bar of New Mexico Young Lawyers Division Board of Directors.

Alumni Speaking Engagements:

Two ILP Alums will be participating in an upcoming webinar sponsored by NCAI and the Tribal Law and Policy Institute.

“Implementation of the Expanded Jurisdiction Provisions of the Recently Reauthorized Violence Against Women Act” on April 5, 2013,  /1:30-3:30 pm (EST)

Register here:  https://www1.gotomeeting.com/register/823855432

  • Chia Halpern Beetso, (2008) Tribal Law and Policy Institute (TLPI) Tribal Court Specialist, will be the moderating.
  • Mike Carter, (2009) Assistant General Counsel, Gila River Indian Community, will be presenting.
Please let us know about your news and we will post it!

Native research trailblazer joins ranks of ASU’s most prestigious scholars

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Rebecca Tsosie has received the highest faculty honor at Arizona State University, as a 2012 Regents’ Professor. Tsosie is a professor of law and the Willard H. Pedrick Distinguished Research Scholar in ASU’s Sandra Day O’Connor College of Law. Additionally, she is an affiliate professor in the American Indian Studies Program and a faculty fellow in the Center for the Study of Law, Science and Technology.

Watch full size video.

Job Posting – Federal Bureau of Prisons

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The Federal Bureau of Prisons is seeking applicants for an attorney-advisor position to work in its consolidated legal center, federal correctional institution in Phoenix, AZ.

Justice seeks to attract, retain, and promote individuals of exceptional ability and talent from all walks of life. The work environment and atmosphere is open, diverse, collegial, and inclusive. There are active affinity groups for African-American; Asian-American; Hispanic; lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender (LGBT); and Native American employees, which are open to all DOJ employees regardless of background. Justice fosters a work environment where people of all backgrounds and experiences may reach their full potential.

Thank you for your help in disseminating this vacancy announcement.  This and other attorney vacancy announcements can be found at: http://www.justice.gov/careers/legal/attvacancies.html.

UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE
FEDERAL BUREAU OF PRISONS
CONSOLIDATED LEGAL CENTER
FEDERAL CORRECTIONAL INSTITUTION
PHOENIX, ARIZONA
ATTORNEY-ADVISOR
GS-905-13/14

About the Office: The legal practice at the Consolidated Legal Center (CLC) covers a wide variety of issues focusing on correctional law and litigation, either through administrative or litigation channels and includes such matters as inmates’ reasonable access to the courts (through access to legal materials, legal correspondence, and attorney-client visits), conditions of confinement, medical care, diet and religious accommodations, housing assignments, hygiene and sanitation, and discipline.

The position includes being involved in a legal office that oversees the legal operations associated with three correctional institutions: Federal Correctional Institution, Phoenix, Arizona, Federal Correctional Institution, Safford, Arizona, and the Federal Correctional Complex, Tucson, Arizona. The incumbent will be expected to provide advice and guidance to all levels of staff at these correctional facilities, including members of the Executive Staff. The incumbent may also be required to handle other Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) legal matters as assigned, which are outside of the District of Arizona. The incumbent will also be expected to communicate with defense attorneys, prosecutors, federal courts, and agency officials. The incumbent must have thorough knowledge of all aspects of BOP policy and practice as he/she may be required to appear in District Court on short notice to explain and advocate the agency’s rationale for its correctional management decisions.

Responsibilities and Opportunity Offered: This is a primary law enforcement position. In accordance with 5 U.S.C. 3307, the maximum entry age of 36 has been established for initial appointment to a position in a Bureau of Prisons correctional institution. The duties of this position may at times require frequent and direct contact with individuals in confinement who are suspected or convicted of serious criminal offenses. It has also been determined that the duties of this position require experience and knowledge of the on-the-job responsibilities of a primary law enforcement officer working in a detention facility. A prerequisite requirement of this position is the successful completion of “Institution Familiarization” and, the satisfactory completion of a mandatory course in “Introduction to Correctional Techniques.”

Because of the nature and mission of this position, it requires “hands-on” understanding of the issues encompassed in working within an institution. The incumbent may be called on to perform as a law enforcement officer in a correctional environment during training, emergency situations, times of staff shortages, and under any other type of correctional operating crisis. Specific correctional responsibilities may include custody and supervision of inmates, responding to emergencies and institution disturbances, participating in fog and escape patrols, and assuming correctional officer posts when necessary. The incumbent may be required to shakedown inmates and conduct visual searches in their work or living area for contraband. The incumbent must be prepared to use physical control in situations where necessary, such as in fights among inmates, assaults on staff, and riots or escape attempts.

Required Qualifications: Applicant must possess a J.D. degree, be an active member of the bar (any jurisdiction), and have at least 2 years of post-J.D. experience for the GS-13 level, and 3 years for the GS-14 level.

Preferred qualifications: Prior and extensive experience in correctional law is preferred, but not required.

Travel: Some travel may be required.

Salary Information: Current salary and years of experience will determine the appropriate salary level. The possible salary range, including locality pay adjustments, is GS-13 ($83,687 to $108,791) or GS 14 ($98,892 to $128,557).

Location: Phoenix, Arizona

Relocation Expenses: Relocation expenses are not authorized for this position.

Submission Process and Deadline Date: To apply, please submit a cover letter highlighting relevant experience, resume, and a writing sample (a brief or comparable analytic legal exposition that is your work product) by March 1, 2013 to:

U.S. Department of Justice
Federal Bureau of Prisons
Western Regional Office
7338 Shoreline Drive
Stockton, CA 95219
Attention: Dennis Wong, Regional Counsel

You may also submit your application via e-mail to DWong@bop.gov.

No telephone calls please. The position will remain open until filled, but applications must be submitted no later than March 1, 2013.

 

 

Leeds discusses sovereignty in Canby Lecture

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Leeds discusses sovereignty in Canby Lecture

02/01/2013
Stacy L. Leeds

Stacy L. Leeds, Dean of the University of Arkansas School of Law, explored how foundational principles of tribal sovereignty have developed domestically and how those principles may evolve in the future, in the Sixth Annual William C. Canby Jr. Lecture, “Whose Sovereignty? Tribal Citizenship, Federal Indian Law, and Globalization.”

The Lecture, named for Canby, a founding faculty member and judge on the 9th U.S. Circuit Court of Appeals, was held on Jan. 24 in the Great Hall of Armstrong Hall.

Leeds said that in many historical cases, international law played a role in redefining tribal sovereign status in the United States, including issues of internal and external government accountability, interaction with other nations, and enforcement of tribal rights.

“Indian law relied on international customary law for its origin and involves the interpretation of treaties between two sovereigns,” Leeds said. “But it is still considered a matter of domestic federal law only.”
For a period of about 175 years, beginning in the early 1830s, the domestic Indian law discussion was silent, according to Leeds. Then in 2010, President Obama announced support for the United Nations’ Declaration on Rights of Indigenous Peoples.

“We were told Indian law was somehow different because the United States would never bind itself or even make reference to international law or norms,” Leeds said.

For years, the U.S. government has refused to recognize tribal sovereign powers while simultaneously endorsing and supporting similar powers in newly created sovereigns around the globe, Leeds said. However, she noted, we are starting to see positive change as international law plays a greater role within the United States.

“Tribes were always considered pre-constitutional or extra-constitutional, yet Congress is somehow allowed to exercise preliminary authority to legislate limitations on internal tribal government powers,” Leeds said.

According to Leeds, there are potential allies and advocates all over the world who want to see tribal sovereignty and, in particular, tribal courts recognized on par with other sovereigns. However, she said, the biggest obstacle might be whether tribes are willing to play by the same international rules if granted international statue.

“Enhanced global recognition of tribal government stature is finally being realized to some extent,” Leeds said in an earlier interview. “But it will necessarily open tribes up to more internal and external scrutiny, and communities have to be ready for that.”

Professor Myles Lynk, Faculty Fellow for the Center for Law, Science and Innovation, in introducing Leeds, said that the subject of her lecture could not be more timely or important.
“The subject of tribal citizenship was a deciding issue in a recent decision by the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit,” Lynk said.

Robert Clinton, Foundation Professor of Law, said Leeds has been a pioneer as a Native American scholar and author, and her contributions to the field of Indian law are widely respected.

“Stacy has long been a leader in education and tribal government,” Clinton said. “At a time when the Cherokee Freedman controversy was heating up at the Cherokee Nation, her courageous opinion for the Cherokee Nation’s Supreme Court was widely heralded, although controversial.”

Before arriving at the University of Arkansas, Leeds was Interim Associate Dean for Academic Affairs at the University of Kansas School of Law and director of the Northern Plains Indian Law Center at the University of North Dakota School of Law. She has taught law at the University of Kansas, the University of North Dakota and the University of Wisconsin School of Law.

Leeds was the first woman and youngest person to serve as a justice on the Cherokee Nation Supreme Court. She teaches, writes and consults in the areas of American Indian law, property, energy and natural resources, economic development, judicial administration and higher education.

As part of the larger discussion, Leeds touched briefly on the Cherokee Freedman Controversy, a political and tribal dispute between the Cherokee Nation and descendants of the Cherokee Freedmen regarding tribal citizenship.

Webcast Archive at: online.law.asu.edu/events/2013/canby 

Distinguished professor and executive director hired for Indian Legal Program

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Distinguished professor and executive director hired for Indian Legal Program

01/31/2013
Robert Miller
Gregory Hill
Douglas Sylvester

The College of Law has hired Robert J. Miller, one of the nation’s leading scholars in Indian Law, and Gregory L. Hill, who will serve as Executive Director of the Indian Legal Program.

“We consider our Indian Legal Program the nation’s leading organization devoted to improving the legal systems that affect tribal governments,” said Dean Douglas Sylvester. “The addition of Bob and Greg underscores our commitment not only to providing unique opportunities and experiences to students that relate to Indian law, but also to furthering the Program’s other key objectives, including maintaining and expanding our close relationships with American Indian nations and other native governments and organizations.”

Miller will join the faculty in the fall of 2013. As a professor at Lewis & Clark Law School in Portland, Ore., since 1999, Miller has taught various courses, including Federal Indian Law, American Indians and International Law and Civil Procedure.

He worked at the Stoel Rives law firm from 1992-1995 and practiced Indian law with Hobbs, Straus, Dean & Walker from 1995-1999. An enrolled citizen of the Eastern Shawnee Tribe of Oklahoma, Miller is Chief Justice of the Court of Appeals of the Grand Ronde Tribe and sits as a judge for other tribes.

He is the author of two books, “Native America, Discovered and Conquered: Thomas Jefferson, Lewis and Clark, and Manifest Destiny” and “Reservation Capitalism: Economic Development in Indian Country.” He is also co-author of “Discovering Indigenous Lands: The Doctrine of Discovery in the English Colonies.”

“I am very excited about joining the College of Law and its outstanding Indian Legal Program,” Miller said. “I am looking forward to working with the ASU students, faculty and staff and to enjoying many rewarding intellectual and professional experiences at the College.”

Hill, a practicing attorney for 18 years, has held various leadership positions in the legal profession since 1995. A member of the Oneida Nation, Six Nations of Indians, he most recently served as a capital attorney in the Office of the Public Defender in Tampa, Fla., where he provided legal services to indigent clients.

He is a former deputy director of Stetson University College of Law’s National Clearinghouse for Science, Technology and the Law. Additionally, Hill served as Assistant Attorney General in the state of Florida, ran a solo legal practice earlier in his career, and clerked for the general counsel of the Seneca Nation while in law school.

“I am honored to be selected to serve as the executive director of the Indian Legal Program,” Hill said. “The chance to contribute to such a distinguished program, to help our students become better prepared for the future they will encounter, and to directly support the Indian communities will create opportunities that I am eager to pursue.”

The Indian Legal Program was established in 1988 to provide legal education and generate scholarship in the area of Indian law and to undertake public service to tribal governments. It trains students to effectively engage the representation of Native peoples and seeks to promote an understanding of the differences between the legal systems of Indian nations and those of the state and federal governments. The Program is among the most renowned of its kind, and its graduates work at all levels of tribal, state and federal government, as well as in private practice. The Program provides a unique set of academic and clinical opportunities for students and is committed to maintaining strong partnerships with American Indian nations and other native governments and organizations.

Job Posting – Counselor to the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs

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Counselor to the Assistant Secretary-Indian Affairs
Department:Department Of The Interior
Agency:Office of the Secretary of the Interior
Job Announcement Number:AG-13-PQ824547 (DEU)

SALARY RANGE:

 $105,211.00 to $136,771.00 / Per Year

OPEN PERIOD:

 Monday, January 14, 2013 to Friday, January 18, 2013

SERIES & GRADE:

 GS-0301-14

POSITION INFORMATION:

 Full Time – Permanent

PROMOTION POTENTIAL:

14

DUTY LOCATIONS:

 1 vacancy in the following location:
Washington DC, DC United StatesView Map

WHO MAY APPLY:

 United States Citizens

JOB SUMMARY:

Indian Affairs is the lead agency for the United States in carrying on a government-to-government relationship with the tribal nations. A challenging and dynamic place to work, it enhances the quality of life, promotes economic opportunity, and carries out the responsibility to protect and improve the trust assets of American Indians, Indian tribes and Alaska Natives.


This position is located in the Office of the Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs in Washington, DC.  The mission of the Office of the Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs is to enhance the quality of life, to promote economic opportunity, and to carry out the responsibility to protect and improve the trust assets of American Indians, Indian Tribes and Alaska Natives.  The incumbent of this position serves as a Counselor to the Assistant Secretary – Indian Affairs, focusing on maintaining liaison with other offices and bureaus that encompass the Indian Affairs organization.  The incumbent will consult with tribal leaders and communities, departments, congressional committee staffs and others within the private sector to carry out duties.  The role of the incumbent is that of an advisor in policy determining issues and related matters of a confidential and administrative support nature. 

This position is being advertised concurrently with (AG-13-PQ824548) using Merit Promotion procedures.  Status applicants who wish to be considered under both merit promotion and competitive examining procedures must apply directly to each announcement.__________________________________________________________________________________

Who May Apply

  • U.S. Citizens

KEY REQUIREMENTS

  • U.S. Citizenship required
  • This position is subject to a pre-employment background investigation
  • Relocation expenses may be paid.
  • Travel may be required.

DUTIES:

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 The major duties of the position include, but are not limited to the following:

  • Coordinates assigned activities to ensure compliance with the Administration’s policies.  Provides coordination, liaison and initial review on matters pertaining to the program areas under the supervisor’s purview.
  • Assignments are complex, important and diversified in scope and may be within any jurisdiction of the Indian Affairs programs.  Assignments may be of a nonrecurring nature, and the incumbent is responsible for research and conducting special studies or surveys of problems, projects, or program implementation.
  • Produces briefings, decision memorandum and background papers on a wide variety of issues, problems or matters.  Develops strategies on sensitive and controversial issues and serves in a confidential capacity on organizational and internal matters.
  • Works with Departmental program and staff officials to assure that projects assigned are coordinated to meet the objectives of Indian Affairs and are ready for action or endorsement by the Assistant Secretary.  Participates in meetings called for the purpose of briefing key officials when assignments will require coordination between two or more program offices.
  • Participates in staff conferences and meetings called by the supervisor.  Contributes to program discussion and developments by citing current status of program involvement.  Notes and follows up on assignments made by the supervisor during these conferences and meetings.
  • Working closely with the top leadership staff of the Indian Affairs organization, the incumbent develops, coordinates, resolves and implements a variety of special projects which may be highly sensitive, confidential and of national importance.  Completes in-depth analysis of issues of importance to top leadership staff within Indian Affairs, which is frequently needed in very short time frames.
  • Follows legislative matters of interest to the Indian Affairs organization and programs to keep the supervisor informed of their status and progress.  Utilizes knowledge of the supervisor’s viewpoints in the general review of proposed legislation in order to highlight and bring to his/her attention those portions of bills which conflict with current Indian Affairs policy.  Recommends policy alternatives to be incorporated as needed.

QUALIFICATIONS REQUIRED:

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 GS-14:  All applicants must possess at least one full year of specialized experience equivalent to at least the next lower grade level (GS-13), which includes: 1) analyzing proposed legislation and evaluating the impact such legislation may have on one’s organization; 2) preparing, presenting, and defending proposed recommendations, policies, or regulations; 3) developing and delivering verbal presentations to high level officials on sensitive or controversial topics; AND 4) serving as spokesperson or representative for an organization or senior official.

All qualification requirements must be met by the closing date of this announcement Friday, January 18, 2013.   Additional information on the qualification requirements is outlined in the OPM Qualifications Standards Handbook of General Schedule Positions. It is available for your review in our office, in other Federal agency personnel offices, and on OPM’s web site at http://www.opm.gov/qualifications.

Applications will be reviewed after the closing date of Friday, January 18, 2013.  Qualified applicants will be rated based on their possession of the knowledge and experience requirements identified under the “Qualifications” section.  Candidates rated as best qualified will be referred to the hiring manager for further consideration.

Category Rating will be used in the ranking and selection process for this position.  The categories are Best Qualified, Well Qualified, and Qualified.  Veterans’ preference rules for category rating will be applied.

  • Analytical Ability
  • Communication
  • Knowledge of legal research procedures, methods, and sources

Selective Service:  If you are a male applicant who was born after 12/31/1959 and are required to register under the Military Selective Service Act, the Defense Authorization Act of 1986 requires that you be registered or you are not eligible for appointment in this agency.


Public Interest Indian Law Fellowship Program

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Public Interest Indian Law Fellowship Programs

Berkey Williams LLP (Berkeley, CA)

Position Type:  Fellowship

Practice Area(s): Indian/Native American

Geographic Preference(s): West (CA, HI, NV, UT, CO, MT, WY)

Description: Berkey Williams Public Interest Indian Law Fellowship

Berkey Williams LLP (BW) established the Public Interest Indian Law Fellowship Program in 2005. The aims of the Fellowship are to encourage recent law graduates to work in the field of Indian law and to provide the Fellows with an opportunity to pursue public interest projects in Indian country. The Fellow is encouraged to develop innovative legal strategies for projects which may not traditionally be feasible endeavors for a private law firm. The Firm’s intent is to provide bright, creative law graduates with the time and resources to tackle public interest, social justice, and related issues in Indian country. The Fellowship intends to contribute to the development of public interest Indian law leaders of the future, whatever their career paths might be.

About Berkey Williams

The firm is a private, for-profit partnership with a significant public interest focus. The firm has three attorneys and two paralegals in Berkeley, California, one attorney in Washington, DC, one attorney in Bozeman, Montana, two attorneys in New York, and one attorney in New Mexico. The firm works exclusively for Indian tribes and tribal organizations, and currently has clients throughout the United States. Natural resources protection, environmental justice, water and fishing rights, recovery of ancestral lands, tribal sovereignty, self-governance, economic development, Indian child welfare, employment, and health care are representative areas of work. The Firm’s work is funded primarily by its fee-paying tribal clients, as well as generous contributions from private foundations. More information may be found at the firm’s web site: www.berkeywilliams.com.

 About the Fellowship

The one-year Fellowship offers a competitive salary, full benefits, training, flexibility in balancing work and a private life, and the opportunity to work with experienced attorneys in an established firm focused exclusively on serving Indian tribes and tribal organizations. The Fellow will work in the California office. The Fellowship begins in September, 2013, with some flexibility depending upon the candidate’s schedule. Berkey Williams is committed to recruiting attorneys who will bring a variety of experiences to the firm’s clients, and to supporting them by providing the resources necessary to building a strong career in Indian law.

The projects on which a Fellow might work are subject to the creativity of the Fellow and the needs or demands of a particular client tribe or tribal organization. In the past, the Berkey Williams Fellow has worked for organized but unrecognized California tribes seeking to protect cultural sites threatened by land development, and tribes whose children are subject to state juvenile dependency proceedings. The Firm’s public interest and pro bono work includes projects intended to protect cultural sites, promote Indian-organized educational institutions, connect Indian communities to electric and telecommunications grids, recover ancestral lands, expand economic development opportunities for tribes, and others.

Qualifications and Selection Criteria

Applications are encouraged from recent law graduates with a demonstrated commitment to Indian law. Preference is given to candidates, both Indian and non-Indian, who demonstrate personal or professional experience and identification with Indian communities. High academic achievements are certainly considered, but they are weighed with other equally significant factors: personal accomplishments, professional goals, cultural competence, and the capacity to work conscientiously and independently as needed. Candidates with interest in specific public interest projects are encouraged to bring their proposals to the firm. Candidates are encouraged to seek their own funding as well, as the firm’s ability to offer the fellowship is contingent on funding. Membership in the California Bar, or the Bar of another state, though not essential, is a significant factor in the firm’s evaluation of candidates.

Applying for the Fellowship

Interested law graduates should send a resume and a writing sample to Gloria Coronado, Administrative Assistant, at gcoronado@berkeywilliams.com. If you have any questions, please email. Deadline to apply is January 31, 2013.

Desired Class Level:  RECENT GRADS

Posting Date: December 17, 2012

Expiration Date: January 31, 2013

Contact: Gloria Coronado, Administrative Assistant

2030 Addison Street Suite 410 Berkeley, California 94704 United States

Sample Page

Resume Receipt:  E-mail, Other (see below)

Default email for resumes.: gcoronado@berkeywilliams.com

How to Apply:

Interested law graduates should send a resume and a writing sample to Gloria Coronado, Administrative Assistant, at gcoronado@berkeywilliams.com. If you have any questions, please email. Deadline to apply is January 31, 2013.

Additional Documents:

Writing Sample, Other Documents

 ID: 21907

Job Posting – Chief Judge, Standing Rock Tribal Court

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Job Announcement

Chief Judge
Standing Rock Tribal Court, Fort Yates, N.D.

OPEN: Until Filled
SALARY: Negotiable

The Standing Rock Sioux Tribe is soliciting applications for employment of a Chief Judge for the Standing Rock Tribal Court, as an independent contract employee.

The Chief Judge position will be a full time position. The number of hours, days of employment and compensation are all negotiable. The terms of employment will be determined by the agreement of the parties. The contract shall be compensated on an hourly basis.

The statutory prerequisites for employment are: 1) must be at least 25 years of age; 2) must be of high moral character and integrity; 3) must never have been convicted of a criminal offense, other traffic offenses, for which punishment of imprisonment was imposed; 4) must not have been dishonorably discharged from the Armed Services; 5) must be physically able to carry out the duties of the office and 6) must possess a degree of law from an (ABA) accredited law school and a member in good standing of the bar of any state or federal court.

Applications shall be in writing, to include a professional Resume, legal qualifications and any other submissions at the option of the applicant. All applications are considered on merit.

Applications and any inquiries regarding the Chief Judge position may be directed or submitted to Ms. Dellis M. Agard, Court Administrator, Standing Rock Tribal Court, PO Box 363, Fort Yates, ND, Telephone (701) 854-7244 or by Email to dagard@standingrock.org.

The worksite for this position is located at the Standing Rock Tribal Court in Fort Yates, ND. The Sitting Bull College Transit provides bus services, at nominal cost, to and from Bismarck, ND; Mobridge, SD; McLaughlin, SD and Selfridge, ND, coordinated with the tribal work day, which is 8:00 AM to 4:30 PM (Central Time).